Descrição
Regional development within the Ruhr district – from the formally centre of the coal and steel industry to a centre of tertiary services. The Ruhrgebiet (Ruhr district) is an urban agglomeration in the western part of Germany with a population of approximately 5.3 Million, covering an area of 4.435 km². It’s part of the metropolitan area of Rhine-Ruhr with more than 10 Million inhabitants living in an area of about 10.000 km².The black coal resources, deposited during the carboniferous area form the natural backbone for the development of the largest region of coal, iron, and steel industry in Europe. The economy of the Ruhrgebiet was unidirectional dominated for more than 150 years by four heavy industry sectors, black coal, steel, chemical industry and energy production. But later, when petroleum and natural gas and cheaper imported black coal conquered the German market and, as well, steel could be produced at a reduced rate elsewhere in the world the booming producing industry quasi collapsed. Thus, the Region is characterized by an above average unemployment since the mid 70ies. More than 50% of the 1 Million jobs in the region were lost, while only 300.000 new jobs could be added within the service sector between 1980 and 2002. The economic and social structural change within the Ruhr district is primarily based on the expansion of services like advertisement, science, development, transport logistics, consulting, and design. But also the cultural and tourist branches are characterized by growing figures. The BIP, produced within the Ruhrgebiet, is about 26% of the BIP of North-Rhine-Westphalia or 6% of Germany’s BIP. In comparison, the metropolitan area of São Paulo produces 17% of the national BIP of Brazil.||A região do Ruhr é uma aglomeração metropolitana localizada no oeste da Alemanha com aproximadamente 5,3 milhões de habitantes e abrangendo uma área de 4.435 km². Esta área faz parte da região metropolitana Rhein-Ruhr que abriga mais de 10 milhões de habitantes e cobre uma área de cerca de 10.000 km². A região do Ruhr, uma das maiores regiões de industria pesada da Europa, teve seu crescimento com base nos recursos de carvão mineral. A economia da região do Ruhr foi por mais de 150 anos exclusivamente caracterizada pelos quatro setores da indústria pesada: carvão, aço, indústria química e energia. Quando o petróleo natural, o gás natural e o carvão importado com menor custo conquistaram o mercado alemão e o aço também podia ser produzido no exterior a preços mais baixos, o setor produtivo que florescia na região do rio Ruhr experimentou dificuldades. Este fato levou a região na metade dos anos 1970 a um aumento considerável na taxa de desemprego, chegando, entre os anos de 1980 a 2002, a quase meio milhão de desempregados no setor de produção, por outro lado, cerca de 300.000 empregos foram criados no setor de serviços. A mudança estrutural econômica e social na região do Ruhr se baseia em um crescimento considerável, principalmente na área de serviços como propaganda, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, logística de transporte, aconselhamento e design. Também os setores culturais e de lazer apresentam um crescimento relativamente positivo: O produto interno bruto (PIB) da região do Ruhr corresponde a cerca de 26% do PIB do estado Nordrheinwestfalen, perfazendo 6% do PIB da República Federal da Alemanha. Em comparaçao, a Grande São Paulo é responsável por 17% do PIB do Brasil.
Abstract
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE RUHR DISTRICT – FROM THE FORMALLY CENTRE OF THE COAL AND STEAL INDUSTRY TO A CENTRE OF TERTIARY SERVICES
Regional development within the Ruhr district – from the formally centre of the coal and steel industry to a centre of tertiary services. The Ruhrgebiet (Ruhr district) is an urban agglomeration in the western part of Germany with a population of approximately 5.3 Million, covering an area of 4.435 km². It’s part of the metropolitan area of Rhine-Ruhr with more than 10 Million inhabitants living in an area of about 10.000 km².The black coal resources, deposited during the carboniferous area form the natural backbone for the development of the largest region of coal, iron, and steel industry in Europe. The economy of the Ruhrgebiet was unidirectional dominated for more than 150 years by four heavy industry sectors, black coal, steel, chemical industry and energy production. But later, when petroleum and natural gas and cheaper imported black coal conquered the German market and, as well, steel could be produced at a reduced rate elsewhere in the world the booming producing industry quasi collapsed. Thus, the Region is characterized by an above average unemployment since the mid 70ies. More than 50% of the 1 Million jobs in the region were lost, while only 300.000 new jobs could be added within the service sector between 1980 and 2002. The economic and social structural change within the Ruhr district is primarily based on the expansion of services like advertisement, science, development, transport logistics, consulting, and design. But also the cultural and tourist branches are characterized by growing figures. The BIP, produced within the Ruhrgebiet, is about 26% of the BIP of North-Rhine-Westphalia or 6% of Germany’s BIP. In comparison, the metropolitan area of São Paulo produces 17% of the national BIP of Brazil.
